Important architectural patterns
0:20 1. Model View Controller (MVC):
8:31 2. Layer architecture
13:44 3. Repository architecture
20:12 4. Client-server architecture
24:18 5. Pipe-and-Filter Architecture

28:08 Summary

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Architectural design
Architecture design is about understanding how a software system should be organized and designing the overall structure of that system.
The architectural design is the crucial link between design and requirements analysis because it identifies the key structural components of a system and the relationships between them.
The result of the architecture design process is an architectural model that describes how the system is organized as a set of communicating components.

Architectural design decisions
Since architectural design is a creative process, the process varies depending on the type of system being developed.
However, there are a number of general decisions that span all design processes and affect the non-functional properties of the system.
Chapter 6

Architecture design covers the fundamental concepts and decisions involved in designing the architecture of a software system. This chapter typically presents the process of defining the high-level structure of a software system and how different components and subsystems interact. Let's break down the key topics:
Chapter 6: Architectural Design

Architectural patterns are standard solutions to common design problems. Architectural patterns provide a way to reuse knowledge and enable the creation of robust and maintainable software architectures. Let's explore the concept and some of the key architectural patterns that are usually covered in this part of the chapter:

What are architectural patterns?
Architectural patterns are high-level strategies that address the overall structure and organization of software systems. They define the layout of a system and determine how the system components interact with each other. Architectural patterns address recurring design challenges and provide proven solutions, making them invaluable for building complex software systems.

Important architectural patterns:

1. Model View Controller (MVC):
– Description: Divides the application into three interrelated components: Model (data), View (user interface), and Controller (business logic). Each component handles a specific aspect of the application's functionality.
– Use case: Commonly used in web applications and frameworks such as ASP.NET MVC, Django, and Ruby on Rails.
– Advantages: Clear separation of concerns, easy to manage and expand.
– Challenges: Additional effort in managing multiple components, complexity in large systems.

2. Multi-tier (n-level) architecture:
– Description: In this pattern, the system is organized into layers, each of which fulfills a specific role. For example, a typical 3-tier architecture includes a presentation layer (UI), a business logic layer, and a data access layer.
– Use case: Commonly used in enterprise applications where a clear separation of concerns (SoC) is required.
– Benefits: Promotes modularity and reusability. Changes in one layer have minimal impact on others.
– Challenges: Can result in performance degradation due to layer-to-layer communication.

3. Client-server architecture:
– Description: This pattern divides the system into two main components: clients that request services and servers that provide services. Communication often occurs over a network.
– Use case: Often used in web applications where the client (browser) communicates with a server (web server).
– Advantages: Centralized management, easier to update and maintain.
– Challenges: Scalability can be an issue and the server can become a bottleneck.

4. Repository Architecture Patterns
The repository architecture pattern centralizes data management within a software system. All data is managed in a central repository that can be accessed by different components. The components do not interact directly with each other but communicate through the repository. This pattern is often used in applications that need to process large amounts of data or require a high degree of consistency.

5. Pipe-and-filter architecture:
– Description: The system consists of a series of processing elements (filters) connected by pipes. Each filter processes data and passes it on to the next filter via a pipe.
– Use case: Suitable for data processing systems such as compilers or streaming applications.
– Advantages: Easy to understand and implement, supports filter reuse.
– Challenges: Limited applicability to interactive applications, potential inefficiency in data processing.

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